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Objective@#To explore sex differences between weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes among school-age children and adolescents in Beijing, and to provide a basis for priority intervention to control the rapid growth of body weight and blood pressure.@*Methods@#Anthropometric measurement data of 70 288 children and adolescents from primary and high schools in Shunyi District were collected from 2009 to 2018, and a longitudinal dataset with complete data related to weight and BP after individual data linkage was compiled. The age-specific weight and SBP growth rates were calculated, and a linear mixed-effects model was used to identify sex differences in chronological growth rates.@*Results@#Weight and SBP increased with age in both boys and girls, and the mean weight and SBP were higher in boys than in girls across all age groups. The result of the linear mixed-effects model indicated apparent sex differences in weight and SBP growth rates, with an age and sex interaction term(β=-0.35, -0.40, P<0.01). The age at peak weight velocity (PWA) was 12 years old and the age at peak SBP velocity was 13 years old in boys, which occurred one and three years later than for girls, respectively. In addition, the peak weight and SBP velocity were higher in boys than in girls. The curves of the SBP growth rate adjusted for the PWA, showed that the peak SBP velocity occurred two years before PWA and the second peak SBP velocity occurred at the PWA, which indicated "double peaks" in both boys and girls. The SBP growth rate was always higher in boys than in girls, and the rates declined after PWA.@*Conclusion@#Sex differences in weight and SBP growth rates were persistent and obvious in school-age children and adolescents in Beijing and the change in SBP was highly time synchronized with the increase in weight.
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Objective@#The study aimed to explore sex differences in the growth and physical development of Beijing school-aged children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Data obtained from regular health examinations of 94 122 school-aged children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old were collected from primary and high schools in Shunyi District from 2009 to 2018, and a longitudinal dataset was compiled with complete anthropometric parameters including height, weight, and BMI levels after linkage of individuallevel information. The age-specific growth rate was calculated and a linear mixed-effects model was used to identify sex differences according to chronological or relative age to peak height velocity (PHA).@*Results@#Height, weight, and BMI levels increased with age in both boys and girls. Girls were taller than boys in the 10-11 year-old age group, catch-up growth in height was observed in boys at age 12, whose height surpassed that of girls thereafter. Boys had a higher weight and BMI than girls in all age groups (P<0.01). Sex differences were found in the growth rates of height, weight, and BMI levels(t=-67.56，-47.46，3.22，P<0.01), which was demonstrated by the interaction effect of sex and age in the linear mixed-effects model. The PHA in boys was 12 years old, which was two years later than the PHA in girls. Boys reached peak weight velocity at 12 years old, lagging one year behind girls who reached their peak at 11 years old. The curves of the BMI growth rate with age showed double peaks in boys and the first peak appeared at 10 years, which was one year earlier than girls. The change in weight was highly synchronized in time with the increase in height, after adjusting for the growth rate of weight by PHA. Weight velocity increased with age before the onset of puberty until PHA, and then it declined; boys presented with obvious fat accumulation before the onset of puberty.@*Conclusion@#Sex differences in the growth and physical development of school-aged children and adolescents were persistent and apparent, and the change in weight was highly synchronized in time with the increase in height.
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Objective To investigate the correlation betw een the short-term blood pressure variability and the recent outcome in patients w ith noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. Methods The patients w ith acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke admitted to hospital betw een January 1, 2013 to June31, 2015 w ere enrol ed consecutively. The demographic and clinical data w ere col ected, and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring w as performed and each blood pressure variability parameter w as calculated. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) w as used to evaluate recent neurological outcome at the time of discharge or the fourteenth day in hospital. The mRS score 0-2 w as defined as good outcome, and >2 w as defined as poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis w as used to determine the correlation betw een the blood pressure and the short-term blood pressure variability indicators and recent neurological outcome. Results A total of 229 patients w ith acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke w ere enrol ed, and 40.2% of them had recent poor functional outcome. The mean systolic pressure ( 147.8 ±19.6 mmHg vs.137.7 ± 19.1 mmHg; t=3.868, P<0.001; 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and the actual variation value of the mean systolic pressure (median, interquartile 11.7 [10.0-14.0] mmHg vs.10.6 [8.2-12.5] mmHg;Z=3.544, P<0.001) of the recent poor outcome group w ere significantly higher than those of the good functional outcome group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis show ed that after adjusting other confounders, the increased mean systolic pressure ( each 10 mmHg increase: odds ratio 1.189, 95% confidence interval 1.013-1.369; P=0.034) and the enlarged actual variation of systolic blood pressure (each 1 mmHg increase:odds ratio 1.182, 95% confidence interval 1.046-1.336; P=0.008) w ere associated w ith the recent poor functional outcome. Conclusions The increased short-term blood pressure variability w as associated w ith the recent poor functional outcome in patients w ith acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke.
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Objective To explore the relationship between 24-hour blood pressure variability after admission and early neurological deterioration in patients with acute non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke.Methods This was a case-control study.Patients with acute non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke within 72 hours after stroke onset were prospectively registered.Clinical and 24 -hour continuous blood pressure monitoring data were recorded, and subsequently compared with regard to whether early neurological deterioration ( END) occurred within 7 days after admission.Factors contributing to END were investigated by logistic regression model.Results Of 221 eligible patients, 59 cases ( 26.7%) exhabited END.Patients with END had higher 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure ( SBP) (145.8 ±18.2 mmHg vs.139.9 ± 20.3 mmHg, P=0.014) and SBP coefficient of deviation (SBP-CV) [9.0(7.3 -11.2) vs.8.4(6.9-10.2), P=0.011].After adjusting for crude variables, multivariate analysis showed that the increase in mean SBP (10 mmHg mean SBP,OR=1.285,95%CI(1.059~1.559) and SBP-CV [1 unit of SBP-CV, OR=1.206,95%CI(1.050~1.384)] was associated with higher risk of END.Conclusions Increased 24-hour blood pressure variability after admission is an independent risk factor for occurrence of END in patients with acute non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke.
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ObjectiveTo explore the influences of Penehyclidine Hydrochloride on [ Ca2 + ] i and the expression of cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases-3 (Caspase-3) in neural cells of neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischemic injury within 12 h.MethodsSeven-day-old Sprage-Dowley rats ( n =128) were randomly assigned into four groups:Sham group ( sham operation group,n =32),hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) group ( HIE models,n =32 ),N group ( HIE models treated with Nimodipine,n =32 ),and P group (HIE models treated with Penehyclidine Hydrocloride,n =32).Brain tissues were collected at different time points (2 h,4 h,6 h,and 12 h) after modeling.We utilized fluorescent microscope to detect the expression of Caspase-3 via making frozen slices of rat brain tissue,while [ Ca2+ ]iof neural cells in live brain slices of rats was measured by laser scanning confocal microscope.ResultsCompared with Sham group,both [ Ca2 + ] i and the expression of Caspase-3 of neural cells increased significantly ( P ＜ 0.01 ) in brain cortex in HIE group.[ Ca2 + ] i and Caspase-3 activity increased gradually with time since 2 h after making HIE models and reached a peak at the time points of 12 h ( P ＜0.05).In N group and P group,both of [ Ca2+ ]i and Caspase-3 decreased compared with HIE group (P ＜0.01 ),however,there was no significant difference between N group and P group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).In addition,[ Ca2 + ] i and Caspase-3 activity had no significant difference between 6 h and 12 h (P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionPenehyclidine Hydrocloride can protect the brain tissue from hypoxic-ischemic injury via relief of calcium overload and inhibition of Caspase-3 activity.
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Objective Summarize the nursing experiences of abdominoscope for patients with ovarian cysts. Methods Enough preoperative evaluation, careful perioperative nursing and observation were used in 150 patietns with ovarian cysts when cured by abdominoscope. Results All the patients had accepted succesful operation, there were no intensive complication among the patients. Conclusions Proper nursing measures should be developed with therapeutic laparoscopy, nursing cares according to the operation can effetive shorten the course of rehabilitation for patients.
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Objective To study the application of problem-based learning in combination with simulating teaching in clinical probation of gynecology and obstetrics. Methods The patten of problem-based learning in combination with simulating teaching was applied to experimental group,and the traditional teaching pattern to control group. The teaching effects were evaluated by evaluation of teacher,questionnaire after class and examination. Results Satisfaction ratio of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group in questionnaire after class. The fine ratio of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group in written history and case analysis; but there was no significance in excellence ratio and pass ratio. There was no significance in pass ratio ,fine ratio and excellence ratio of finals between them. Conclusion The application of problem-based learning in combination with simulating teaching in clinical probation of gynecology and obstetrics can develop students'ability to practice and improve the quality of class teaching.